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Kinetic Energy Formula:
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Kinetic energy is the energy possessed by a moving object. For bullets, it represents the energy delivered to the target upon impact, which is a crucial factor in terminal ballistics and stopping power.
The calculator uses the kinetic energy formula:
Where:
Explanation: The formula shows that kinetic energy increases with the square of velocity, making velocity the most significant factor in bullet energy.
Details: Calculating bullet kinetic energy is essential for understanding terminal performance, penetration capability, and effectiveness for different applications including hunting, target shooting, and self-defense.
Tips: Enter bullet mass in kilograms and velocity in meters per second. Both values must be positive numbers. For best results, use precise measurements from reliable sources.
Q1: Why is kinetic energy important in ballistics?
A: Kinetic energy determines the bullet's ability to do work on the target, affecting penetration, expansion, and overall stopping power.
Q2: What are typical kinetic energy values for different calibers?
A: Energy values vary widely: .22 LR (100-200J), 9mm (400-600J), .308 Winchester (3000-4000J), with hunting rifles typically producing 2000-4000J.
Q3: How does velocity affect kinetic energy compared to mass?
A: Since velocity is squared in the formula, doubling velocity quadruples the energy, while doubling mass only doubles the energy.
Q4: Are there limitations to this calculation?
A: This calculation provides theoretical energy at the muzzle. Actual energy downrange decreases due to air resistance, and terminal performance depends on bullet design and target composition.
Q5: How is kinetic energy related to stopping power?
A: While energy is important, stopping power also depends on shot placement, bullet design, penetration depth, and temporary cavity formation.